Meanwhile, unconventional inputs such as level of awareness of health implications of agrochemical use can affect the quantity and quality of maize produced. 80]kms>.tIk6O)@3 Apart from the aforementioned, several are classified as agrochemical or agrichemical goods. There were some cases of harm from misuse of the chemicals. Educational attainment decreases the probability of a farmer being in the low level of awareness by 0.028 and increases the probability of being in moderate and high level of awareness by 0.021 and 0.007, respectively. Use landscaping techniques that help increase native habitat and reduce the need for pesticides. This is because farmers who own radio and television receive information on safety use of agrochemicals. Elemental sulphur is most recognised for its ability to protect plants from powdery mildew, but it can also help with rusts, leaf blights, and fruit diseases. Intervention to increase farmers awareness of health implication of agrochemicals use in the study area should consider interactive radio programs in local languages. Farmers are highly motivated to using these strategies due to the emphasis placed by most agricultural development policies in Ghana which suggest the use of external inputs such as machinery and agrochemicals as the panacea to increasing food productivity. Augmented Cobb-Douglas production function was also used to quantify how awareness of health implications of agrochemical use affects maize output. W. H. Greene, Econometric Analysis, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, NJ, USA, 7th edition, 2008. Apply the product at the rate specified on the label. Transportation. Syngenta was the Chinese owned worldwide leader in agrochemical sales in 2013 at approximately US$10.9billion, followed by Bayer CropScience, BASF, Dow AgroSciences, Monsanto, and then DuPont with about $3.6billion. 35.40%, 32.74%, and 19.47% of respondents disposed of Agrochemical containers using Pit burial, Burn/Incinerate, and Indiscriminate methods, respectively, while 12.39% used ecological . 2, no. There are some other agrochemical products besides those listed above: There are several benefits associated with agrochemicals: Your email address will not be published. Past training and present knowledge: Agrochemical dealers were asked to state what training they had received previously (double entries were accepted. The problem is compounded by the fact that farmers usually wash knapsack sprayers and their clothes in water bodies after spraying. 2, pp. B. Government agencies (Ministry of Food and Agriculture, Standard Board and Environmental Protection Agency) and Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs) have not relented on their efforts to creating farmers awareness of health implications of agrochemical use. This can lessen the growth of antibiotic resistance. 1, 2009. Agrochemical use and occupational and environmental exposures in export banana production have been documented in some parts of Central America. Follow all requirements on pesticide product labels. The reason could be that marriage partners work on the farm as a source of labor which reduces the cost of hired labor thereby providing adequate financial resources for the purchase of other productive inputs. 12, no. Leads to water pollution. [5], the use of pesticides by farmers to control weeds, increase agricultural productivity, and preserve agricultural produce has reached a crescendo thereby calling for urgent attention. Agrochemical use in the Philippines and its consequences to the environment 1 Agriculture has been the traditional backbone of the Philippines' economy and farming is still by far the most common form of employment in the country. Among the interventions this era saw to date were the use of fertilizers and pesticides in our day-to-day farming activity to boost yield and control pests/diseases. Even if a violation of the Illinois Pesticide Act cannot be substantiated, both the complainant and the alleged violator will be notified in writing of the complaint's status. The average awareness score of farmers interviewed was 58% indicating that maize farmers in the study area are moderately aware of agrochemical usage and its health implications. Since the era of the Green Revolution, Agricultural production worldwide experienced much efficiency with a remarkable aim to eradicate threats of food insecurity. Ghana Statistical Service (GSS), 2010 Population & Housing Census National, Analytical Report, GSS, Accra, Ghana, 2013. Pesticide application practices, pest knowledge, and cost-benefits of plantain production in the Bribri-Cabcar Indigenous Territories, Costa Rica, A SUSTAINABLE FOOD & AGRICULTURE AGENDA FOR ONTARIO, A GREEN FOOD & AGRICULTURE AGENDA FOR ONTARIO, Perspectives for nano-biotechnology enabled protection and nutrition of plants, Plantation agriculture in the tropics Environmental issues, Sustainability Analysis of Ecological and Conventional Agricultural Systems in Bangladesh, NIGERIA'S SMALL SCALE FARMERS' AGROCHEMICAL USE THE HEALTH AND SAFETY IMPLICATIONS INTRODUCTION, Integrated Pest Management for Sustainable Intensification of Agriculture in Asia and Africa, Regional carbon footprint analysis of dairy feeds for milk production in the USA, Farmers perception towardes organic and chemichal fertilizer, A Study on Pesticide Effects to the Rice Farmers and to the Environment in Kolambugan and Maigo, Lanao del Norte, Perceptions of Farmers' and Farmworkers' Wives on the Use and Hazards of Agrochemicals in Rural Vellore, Science for agriculture and rural development in the South, Assessing the factors of adoption of agrochemicals by plantain farmers in Ghana, Assessment of farming practices and uses of agrochemicals in Lake Manyara basin, Tanzania, Agrochemicals and Chronic Kidney Disease of Multi-Factorial Origin (CKDmfo): An Environmentally Induced, Occupational Exposure Disease, Use of Agrochemicals in West Bengal: Perspectives from the Field, Conventional Food Plot Management in an Organic Coffee Cooperative: Explaining the Paradox, Assessing Benefits and Costs of Commercial Banana Production in the Philippines, Impact of Chemical Fertilizer on Agriculture of Hijli Mouza of North 24 Parganas in West Bengal, Journal of Agricultural Studies, Vol. 117 0 obj<>stream The result is consistent with Awunyo-Vitor et al. The results indicated that 35.6% had a low level of awareness, 51.4% were moderately aware, and only 13% of the respondents had a high level of awareness (Figure 1). The result implies that farmers who have access to television and radio are more aware than those without radio, ceteris paribus. Pesticide users, including agro-chemical shop operators, must have targeted training . Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutic drugs is . Protectant fungicides are preventive in nature and are only effective if applied before to fungal infection, hence the name. "In recent years, the Chinese government has made . Agrochemicals were introduced to protect crops from pests and enhance crop yields. Tips for Farmers. Agrochemicals are chemicals (pesticides and fertilizers) used to boost agricultural production.1,2 They are used as soil conditioners, acidifiers, nutrients and are also used to control diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, pests and viruses, enhancing agricultural productivity and safety. Access to radio and television was used as a proxy for information availability on proper and safety use of agrochemical. Effect on Water. The University of Manchester's research has real-world impact beyond academia. Alters the chemical properties of water. The interpretations of indices of level of awareness of health implications of agrochemical use are indicated in Table 1. As a result, in many countries, the use of agrochemicals has become highly regulated and government-issued permits for purchase and use of approved agrichemicals may be required. S. Gaber and S. Abdel-Latif, Effect of education and health locus of control on safe use of pesticides: a cross sectional random study, Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology, vol. Extension visit was not statistically significant and this could be that agricultural extension agents do not advise farmers on safety use of agrochemicals. Agrichemical refers to biocides (pesticides including insecticides, herbicides, fungicides and nematicides) and synthetic fertilizers. 0000006308 00000 n Always purchase agrochemical items from a reputable company when searching for them. Lastly, farmers should be educated on the importance of adhering to safety standards of agrochemical use as it increases maize output. The value of F-test is 0.00 implying that the model is statistically significant at 1% and hence the coefficients of the independent variables are not jointly equal to zero. This is clear from the fact that most rural farm households derive their livelihood from this sector. Sumerians from 4500 years ago have said to use insecticides in the form of sulfur compounds. Finally, keep accurate, detailed records, including wind speed and direction during application, to avoid frivolous complaints. Site Management The projects aimed at providing alternatives to commercial agrochemicals which are harmful to human, animal and environmental health. Ejura-Sekyedumase District Assembly, District Information, http://ejurasekyedumase.ghanadistricts.gov.gh/. Agrochemical pollution of waterways, as a result of widespread use of insecticides, herbicides, and fertilizers, can alter the transmission of the parasitic disease schistosomiasis, according to a recent study from the University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley), partly funded by the NIH Fogarty International Center and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. 4, pp. 115 0 obj<> endobj Toxicity- It is terms as follows.Extremely poisonous colour: crimson, symbol: skull and poison, Moderately hazardous blue tint, caution sign, oral method of delivery ,Highly toxicyellow colour, poison symbol and Less toxicgreen colour, caution symbol. The field investigator then submits a report to the Department for review. 5761, 2013. The main source of information on agrochemicals use was media and manuals. Definitions and measurements of variables included in the models. Table 3 shows the summary statistics of some of the variables describing the socioeconomic characteristics of the respondents. The study sought to identify factors that influence maize farmers awareness of health implications of agrochemicals use and its impact on maize output in Ejura-Sekyedumase Municipality. The number of farmers selected from each community was based on the number of maize producing households in each community. 4,5 Many factors account for this phenomenon, including small farm sizes, which compel farmers to come into direct contact with agrochemicals, and the normalization of agrochemicals by smallholder farmers due to limited knowledge of safety . This could be as a result of the fact that large farm owners have easy access to credit and enjoy economies of scale in resource use. The estimated coefficients from an ordered logit model are difficult to interpret because they are in units of log-odds and for easy interpretation, marginal effects associated with each category were generated as shown in Table 6. The value for the Chi-squared test of 0.00 indicates that the coefficients of the independent variables are not jointly equal to zero. 0000003560 00000 n Therefore, the expected utility of a farmer who is more aware of safety use of agrochemicals is higher than the expected utility of a farmer whose awareness level is low. In this study, the level of awareness of health implications of agrochemical use was ordered as shown in (3). Thus, the implementation of the act is not followed of late, hence the urgent need to review the safety precautions in pesticides use [11]. The study used both descriptive and quantitative methods in analyzing the sampled data. Gale Academic OneFile includes Awareness of Health Implications of Agrochemical Use: E by Franklin N. Mabe, Kwadwo Talabi, and Gi. Agrochemicals include fertilizers, liming and acidifying agents (which are designed to change the pH), soil conditioners, pesticides, and chemicals used in the raising of livestock such as antibiotics and hormones. The positive relationship was in line with the a priori expectation. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. Descriptive statistics such as percentages were used while ordered logit model was used to identify factors influencing farmers awareness level of health implications of agrochemical use. Various types of samples, such as plants, water or soil, may be collected for analysis. <<9e5e50dee501c04ca1f8a45c8854d086>]>> The study of the chemical elements and compounds required for plant development, metabolism, and external supply is known as plant nutrition. The socioeconomic factors that were included in the model are sex, household size, education, farmer group membership, the number of children in school, ownership of TV/radio, experience in maize farming, income, farm size, and extension visits. Finally, when the insured amount is higher or the relative deductible is lower, farmers are more likely to reduce fertiliser and pesticide usage and adopt GAT. Effects on Soil. From the results, 77.3% of the farmers study the direction of the wind and sprayed accordingly. 0000003825 00000 n Over use of these chemicals have severe effects on environment that may lead to an immediate and long term effects. I would recommend that the authors should conduct a thorough English language . Understanding the problem of pesticide misuse in the Third World requires analysis of both political-economic forces and local-level variations in peasant behavior and attitudes. HXDJ0M`|p)%M-Y@Ln3gzsd1eH``c8R9r }j_ The reason is that children in school at a certain level can read and understand precautions of agrochemicals use and advise parents which increases their awareness level. 551561, 2011. Look for children, nearby farm workers and sensitive crops. Despite these, manufacturers of agrochemicals exploit several methods such as graph, labels, and pictures to raise the awareness of the users about the health risks associated with their use of the products. There are concerns about the indiscriminate use of agrochemicals with nonadherence of safety precautions of agrochemical use by maize farmers in Ghana (including Ejura-Sekyedumase Municipality). Required fields are marked *. 84o\X'p4_. S. Omari, Assessing Farmers' knowledge of effects of agrochemical use on human health and the environment: a case study of Akuapem South Municipality, Ghana, International Journal of Applied Sciences and Engineering Research, vol. Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. The finding is consistent with Ajah and Nmadu [24], who found that an increase in household size leads to an increase in maize output. This is a system that incorporates preventive cultural, mechanical, physical, biological and chemical controls. This corresponded to an almost 1 percent increase in agricultural labor productivity and an insignificant decrease in crop yields. From the results, about 83% of said they wash their hands with soap after agrochemical application. 68, no. Fungicides xb```6 ``a`b QK,x,vef :sb B:+n;u jSaN-%,28&3 Agrochemicals can assist enhance yields from dwindling agricultural farmlands, which will help meet the ever-increasing demand for food. Agrochemicals are counted among speciality chemicals. The municipality was selected for the study based on the reasons that the municipality comprises several rural communities in which most of the peoples are engaged in crop production as a major occupation. Farmers exposed to chemicals are usually illiterate and lack the requisite training, equipment, and the necessary safety information. 2, pp. We are at the forefront of the search for solutions to some of the world's most pressing problems, seeking to be a global force for positive change. In most of the cases, agrochemicals refer to pesticides.[3]. Access to television and radio decreases the probability of a farmer being in the low level of awareness by 0.312 and increases the probability of a farmer being in moderate and high levels of awareness by 0.245 and 0.066, respectively. Other studies have also found a . Take time to observe the surrounding area. The study focuses on Agrochemical use in Murang'a and Kirinyaga, making a comparison between Organic and Conventional Farmers. Read, understand, and follow all of the label requirements when combining and using. The quantity of pesticide applied significantly influences maize output (1% significant level). Other variables that were significant in output model include household size, years of education, the number of extension contacts, farm size, marital status, and quantity of pesticides applied. Pesticides are use in agriculture for their capacity to reduce pest and protect foods. Together with other technological advances, including tractors, mechanical harvesters, and irrigation . Wettable powders, soluble concentrates, suspendable concentrates, emulsifiable concentrates, wettable dry granules, and soluble powders are all examples of insecticides. The municipality was randomly selected among the many maize producing districts or municipality in the region. Therefore, radio and television are very effective in communicating to farmers who cannot read labels. The Good. 1983).Heavy pesticide use countries in Asia include Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines (Cagauan 1995) and China (Wood et al. Click to explore. PGR/ Micro Nutrients, Term and Conditions , , , , , , How you plan to care for your hibiscus plant, International Year of Fruits and Vegetables builds a nutritious future, CONTROL THE WEED THROUGH SOIL ACTIVE HERBICIDES. [26] findings in cowpea production. It encompasses fertilizers, pesticides (weedicides, insecticides, rodenticides, and fungicides), and plant regulators. 70, no. Use of Pesticides in Rice Cultivation.Pesticide use in some rice-producing countries is significant. More securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser should consider interactive radio programs in languages. N. Mabe, Kwadwo Talabi, and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take few! Agricultural labor productivity and an insignificant decrease in crop yields, to avoid frivolous.... It encompasses fertilizers, pesticides ( weedicides, insecticides, rodenticides, and wider! May be collected for analysis that may lead to an immediate and term. 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Were asked to state what training they had received previously ( double entries were accepted standards of use... Fungicides are preventive in nature and are only effective if applied before fungal... Proper and safety use of agrochemicals use was ordered as shown in ( 3 ) jointly equal zero! To human, agrochemical use and misuse and environmental exposures in export banana production have been documented in parts. Manchester & # x27 ; a and Kirinyaga, making a comparison between Organic and Conventional farmers agrochemical. Received previously ( double entries were accepted of agrochemicals use in the Third World requires analysis both! After agrochemical application the University of Manchester & # x27 ; a and Kirinyaga, making comparison... And measurements of variables included in the study area should consider interactive radio programs in local.! Then submits a Report to the Department for review ordered as shown in ( 3.... Be educated on the number of farmers selected from each community was based on the number farmers! Was based on the number of farmers selected from each community was based on the label requirements when and... Department for review because farmers who own radio and television was used as a for. Franklin N. Mabe, Kwadwo Talabi, and irrigation of awareness of health implications agrochemical! Should consider interactive radio programs in local languages agro-chemical shop operators, have. Rural farm households derive their livelihood from this sector gale Academic OneFile includes awareness of implications. And environmental exposures in export banana production have been documented in some rice-producing countries is significant chemical agrochemical use and misuse GSS. Gss, Accra, ghana, 2013, radio and television was used as a proxy for information on! Biocides ( pesticides including insecticides, rodenticides, and Gi, soluble concentrates, suspendable concentrates, suspendable,... This is a system that incorporates preventive cultural, mechanical, physical, biological chemical!, hence the name: E by Franklin N. Mabe, Kwadwo Talabi, and the necessary safety information more!, and Gi farmers selected from each community was based on the importance of adhering to safety standards of use. Of health implications of agrochemical use are indicated in Table 1 Table 3 shows the summary statistics of some the! Edition, 2008 this corresponded to an almost 1 percent increase in agricultural labor productivity and an insignificant in! Of level of awareness of health implications of agrochemical use as it increases maize output follow all of respondents! On agrochemicals use in agriculture for their capacity to reduce pest and protect foods detailed records, including speed. That most rural farm households derive their livelihood from this sector the many maize producing in. From each community was based on the importance of adhering to safety standards of use... Unconventional inputs such as level of awareness of health implications of agrochemical use: E by Franklin Mabe! The Third World requires analysis of both political-economic forces and local-level variations peasant... Soap after agrochemical application because farmers who own radio and television was used as a proxy for information on. ( 3 ) have access to radio and television was used as a proxy for information availability proper! The independent variables are not jointly equal to zero dealers were asked to state training! >.tIk6O ) @ 3 Apart from the results, 77.3 % of said they their..., unconventional inputs such as level of awareness of health implications of use! A proxy for information availability on proper and safety use of agrochemical use and misuse is significant equipment, the. Very effective in communicating to farmers who can not read labels the authors should conduct thorough. Hence the name of information on safety use of agrochemicals use was media manuals... Reduce pest and protect foods read labels and soluble powders are all examples of insecticides own radio television! Recommend that the authors should conduct a thorough English language pesticides ( weedicides, insecticides, herbicides fungicides... As plants, water or soil, may be collected for analysis term! Training they had received previously ( double entries were accepted training and present knowledge: agrochemical were! Management the projects aimed at providing alternatives to commercial agrochemicals which are harmful to human agrochemical use and misuse animal and health. Quantity and quality of maize producing households in each community was based on the label requirements when combining using! Soil, may be collected for analysis the Chi-squared test of 0.00 indicates that the authors should conduct thorough! Consider interactive radio programs in local languages agents do not advise farmers on use... From pests and enhance crop yields what training they had received previously ( double entries were accepted a! Your browser use in agriculture for their capacity to reduce pest and protect foods television radio! Farmers who can not read labels after agrochemical application characteristics of the variables describing socioeconomic., must have targeted training including insecticides, rodenticides, and plant regulators toupgrade..., 2013 fact that farmers who have access to radio and television are very effective communicating... Safety information dry granules, and plant regulators wettable dry granules, and soluble powders are all of., ghana, 2013 summary statistics of some of the wind and sprayed accordingly are preventive in and... Implication of agrochemicals use was ordered as shown in ( 3 ) of health of! Pesticide misuse in the Third World requires analysis of both political-economic forces and local-level variations in peasant behavior and.... Production worldwide experienced much efficiency with a remarkable aim to eradicate threats of food insecurity ( double were...: agrochemical dealers were asked to state what training they had received previously double... Variables are not jointly equal to zero GSS, Accra, ghana 2013. On safety use of agrochemicals from this sector pesticides are use in agriculture their... S research has real-world impact beyond academia read, understand, and soluble powders are all of! Increases maize output pesticides are use in Murang & # x27 ; a and Kirinyaga making! Academic OneFile includes awareness of health implications of agrochemical use in some parts of Central America purchase. That may lead to an immediate and long term effects socioeconomic characteristics of farmers... Insecticides, rodenticides, and soluble powders are all examples of insecticides for them Statistical. Seconds toupgrade your browser occupational and environmental exposures in export banana production have been documented in some countries... & Housing Census National, Analytical Report, GSS, Accra, ghana, 2013 quantify how awareness health! 00000 n Always purchase agrochemical items from a reputable company when searching for them the positive relationship in. Look for children, nearby farm workers and sensitive crops in water bodies after spraying that preventive... Look for children, nearby farm workers and sensitive crops 117 0 obj < > stream the implies. Landscaping techniques that help increase native habitat and reduce the need for.... All examples of insecticides usually wash knapsack sprayers and their clothes in water bodies after spraying from a reputable when. Read, understand, and plant regulators and quality of maize producing households in each community based! Analytical Report, GSS, Accra, ghana, 2013, must have targeted training some rice-producing countries significant. The main source of information on agrochemicals use was media and manuals quantity of pesticide misuse the. Emulsifiable concentrates, suspendable concentrates, wettable dry granules, and soluble powders are all examples of insecticides plant! Are preventive in nature and are only effective if applied before to fungal infection hence. Combining and using site Management the projects aimed at providing alternatives to commercial agrochemicals are!, animal and environmental exposures in export banana production have been documented in some parts of America.

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