True dat, but that kind of defeats the purpose of the matching caliber pistol/rifle combo. It is possible to drive a bullet so fast that it expands too rapidly or exceeds its design threshold. 7.5" would probably be your best bet overall with a suppressor, especially since this is the minimum warranty barrel length for most suppressor manufacturers. from my Model 686, while its 125-grain JSP clocks at 1,505 f.p.s. Velocity by barrel length for .300 Blackout (also known as ".300 BLK"(SAAMI) or ".300 AAC Blackout" (C.I.P.) Shooting jacketed bullets through the Uberti isnt a problem, because they dont have an abrupt edge from the nose back toward full diameter; but swaged lead semi-wadcutter bullets and bullets cast from moulds like the RCBS 38-150-SWC and Lyman 358156 refused to enter the chamber. The 9mm Luger has a muzzle velocity of 1,120 feet-per-second (fps), while the .357 Magnum touts a muzzle velocity of 1,240 fps, despite the fact that its bullet is 34 grains heavier. We'll also analyze the optimal minimum barrel length for various calibers. Four extra mm for a few more grains of powder or a weightier bullet. Velocity by barrel length for the 10mm Auto - Data from Ballistics by the Inch. In that case, something like the Rugged Oculus with a potentially tiny length of only 3.25 inches could be an attractive option to keep the setup short. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CzrxHjX7eWo. After all, the title is a fair warning of what is contained therein. Of course, adding a suppressor to that setup would give you a functional barrel length of over 22", which is not particularly handy. Answer (1 of 12): Depending upon the powder and the bullet weight, you'll want a barrel in the 15-18 range [1] to maximize muzzle velocity. Testing expansion from different barrel lengths. ATTENTION: Effective Sept 1, 2020, the BBTI Project is in "Archive Status." No further tests will be conducted, but we will maintain this site and data for the use of the firearms community. Wish I still had mine. Hornady makes a .357 Magnum 140-grain Leverevolution that claims to get 1850 fps and 1064 lb-ft from an 18 carbine. may best be known for its use in police work. While the 16 Trapper is very handy, consider an 18 barrel which will give you an extra round of magazine capacity and a small ballistic increase. Velocity by barrel length for the .357 SIG - From Ballistics by the Inch. It's real hard to argue with ten rounds of 357 magnum. The Uberti's 20-inch barrel and closed breech fired various bullets somewhat over 800 fps faster than a revolver with a 4-inch barrel. - From MrGunsnGear on YouTube. .357s are more suitable for rifles than non magnum rounds since they use slower burning pistol powders than say 9mm. I also had a Winchester20" .357 and it's ballistics were the same also. Something I recently learned is that the Winchester 1873 rifle was never made in .45 Colt, but that Colt quickly came out with a .44-40 version of the Peacemaker. Keep in mind that according to the data above, velocity gains at longer than 16" barrel length were fairly negligible, so 16" appears to be more than enough overall. up to you. The reason to have a rifle in .357 is to be able to shoot the same ammunition out of both guns. In addition, two of the loads penetrated in excess of 18 inches in gel with one of those loads exhibiting little or no expansion after passing through and exiting the block. EDUCATION 101. It was originally designed and released in 1934 by Phil Sharpe, and Elmer Keith. I think either 357 or 30-30 is a great utility rifle. Penetration is usually equated with velocity but thats not always the case. They can move left or right automatically and their position is unpredictable. Mark also said that many lawman carried a .45 revolver and a rifle caliber Winchester lever gun. For a high-energy load, its probably better to shoot 158-grain bullets with their 500 fps of additional velocity. A number of popular loads from major manufacturers were tested. However, I recently found myself looking at a website about rifles. the list of ammunition tested as part of the Cylinder Gap tests. I want a levergun in .357 mag so bad, Im waiting for a production lever gun in .357 Max, got money on the table. We (well, Jim K, Being that the cylinder is cut to accept a Magnum case, the .357 can also be loaded with .38 Spl. we tested each load with two different barrel lengths: a 2-inch Kimber K6s and a 4.2-inch Ruger GP100 Match Champion. It quickly became popular with American sportsmen and law enforcement personnel. Consider that this is the basic setup of the U.S. military's former Mk 12 Mod 0 "SPR" (Special Purpose Rifle), which was said to have an effective range up to 700 meters. At 15 yards, hot .357 loads printed nearly 3 higher than mild .357 and .38 loads, and also slightly to the right. That helps with muzzle flash, round velocity, and precision. Even for self defense Id stick with 158s in a .357 rifle. While theres still some debate over the cartridges ability to create hydrostatic shock, if youre looking for a highly effective, commonly available handgun caliber for self-protection, .357 is a perfectly defensible choice. Although factory ammo is optimized for 6" barrels, a recipe for rifle length . real world guns. Here are the features to watch out for. . The data below is sourced from Ballistics by the Inch. Average FPS: 1294. It appears that overall, the optimal barrel length for 9mm (for something like an AR-15 pistol build, SBR, or similar setup), is about 7 to 8 inches for maximum efficiency and handling. But as an example, Volquartzen offers match-grade bull barrels in lengths like 16.5" as well. in one place. Go get some full-power .357 loads with 158 to 170 grain bullets and compare them to the similar weight .30-30 ones. This gives me point of aim accuracy from 50-100 yards. All you have to do is to keep the ball steady and avoid sudden movements. This post was originally published in 2011. Without his help all of this would have 92 with a 20 inch barrel only to test velocity loss between 20 inch and 24 inch barrels of the rifles. Revolvers in this category usually have a four- or six-inch barrel and a cylinder that holds six rounds, although seven and eight shot revolvers are not uncommon on todays market. What should the discerning collector look for in a potential buy? Shooters that plan on using only iron sights often opt for a 20 or longer barrel on a 357 Magnum rifle because the increased sight radius gives the rifle greater accuracy at farther distances. Too slow and the bullet wont expand. The nominees for our 2020 Reader's Choice "Best Revolver (DA/SA .357 Magnum)" were: Chiappa Rhino. SJHPs should be considered frangible out of a rifle barrel. This bullet has a fairly long nose that merges smoothly to the bullets full diameter and feeds slickly through the Uberti pump. The revolver offers an on-demand choice of single or double action, it will run reliably on any load strength, and the .357 Magnum guns will also shoot cheaper .38 Special rounds to boot, mixing power and affordability. 160-grain Hornady Leverevolution: 2132 fps, 1615 lb-ft. 170-grain Remington JSP: 1986 fps, 1489 lb-ft. If going with something like a SilencerCo Sparrow, an 8" barrel with this 5" suppressor gives you a handy 13" effective barrel length, without leaving performance on the table. None of them, as far as I can tell, is designed for the use of people who will actually shoot them more than a tiny, tiny bitthree rounds once every three years to check zero, in between carrying them around in the rainy woods for a couple of days every fall. and tucked away in the nightstand or sock drawer in case of emergency. Revolvers of this type were commonly seen in police holsters across the United States from the 1930s to the 1990s. The racetrack is full of obstacles like the red cube. Velocity by barrel length for the .45 Super cartridge - Information is sourced from Ballistics by the Inch. And thats with standard ammo. Only an idiot would need to read an article to grasp and understand that ANY 30-30 rifle cartridge is vastly more powerful and ballistically superior to ANY 357 magnum cartridge. Velocity by barrel length data for .44 Special. As a pacifist, I have always tried to avoid violence in all forms. The Winchester Trapper, with its slightly shorter barrel, gave us the following numbers with .30-30 ammo: With the loads we tested, the extra barrel length of the .357 carbine paid handsome dividends. It's still a faster, more powerful round than .38 Special. I dont really need more for Whitetails and varmints out to 100 yards. Additionally, 125 grain 38 special +P (~1250 fps) hits point of aim at 25 yards with this zero. JHP. The Remington website lists their 170-grain .30-30 at 2200 fps and 1827 lb-ft, and the shorty Trapper averaged a real-life 1986 fps and 1489 lb-ft: thats less than a 10 percent velocity penalty and an 18 percent energy penalty. The .357 Rem. As it turned out, the best part was loading and shooting lead-alloy bullets in the fast-cycling Lightning. Sn phm Xtraman ci thin sinh l nam hin ang c bo ch di dng vin si c th ha tan trong nc gip c th hp th cc thnh phn dc liu mt cch d dng hn. Recoil is extremely mild even with the stoutest loads, so that the XS ghost ring sights never even leave the target; you just keep working the lever and blazing away until you run out of ammo (not likely) or until your tin can bounces away out of sight. Comparing a .357 Magnum to a 9mm handgun is quite a statement. The short barrel itself no doubt does present a challenge to ammo manufacturers, but this is something that can likely be overcome with a bit of Research and Development. That was informative to know how Business Process Management helps the growth of a business. Even better, there are revolvers with barrels ~7 . We'll mostly stick to more common calibers, but others will be added as well. Developed primarily as a law enforcement pistol cartridge, the .357 Magnum was introduced by Smith and Wesson in 1934. Velocity by barrel length for .32 H&R Magnum - Information sourced from Ballistics by the Inch. Hornady claims that they make 2400 fps from a 24 test barrel, and I was pleasantly surprised that the Trappers 16 barrel (literally one-third shorter) only paid a small 11.25 percent velocity penalty. With 125-grain handloads, the revolver averaged an even 1300 feet per second and 469 pound-feet of energy, while the carbine delivered 1937 fps and 1041 lb-ft. Thats a 49 percent velocity increase and a 122 percent increase in energy from the same cartridge. Frankly, I had been expecting more consistent terminal results with the .357 Mag. Handgun hunters use the cartridge to take game up to the size of small deer. Lever action rifles are aesthetically pleasing but Id find them more appealing if they were easier to disassemble and reassemble for the most basic preventative maintenance. On the flip side, a bullet that fails to expand, either due to a plugged hollow point cavity or a velocity thats below the bullets design threshold, may pass through the target. Taurus Model 66 357 Magnum, $325: Sept. 2018: B-The barrel length of 6 inches did not generate greater velocity. I read a test a few years back where they lopped off an inch of barrel and measured the velocity per inch of barrel loss - as I recall the loss averaged about 25-30 fps per inch. Kimber K6 Combat. After about 8 theres nothing left to gain from any longer barrel in 9mm. The 125-grain loads have not quite as much muzzle energy as NATOs standard infantry rifle round, the 5.56x45mm. Velocity by barrel length for 9x18mm Makarov - From Ballistics by the Inch. (Inch) / 0-0.6: This 357 Magnum ballistic chart shows 180 grain Federal Power-Shok jacketed hollow point . No further tests will be conducted, but we will maintain this site and data for the use of Kinda want to try out some of the underwood extreme defender loadings from rifle length but going to be a bit until the next gun for the family. Korth Mongoose. From Ballistics by the Inch. The beauty of the snub-nose revolver is its ease of concealment and the choice to carry one over a larger handgun is likely based on carry comfort rather than terminal performance. The .30-30 is the most underrated anti personnel round for general use and I will die on that hill! Again, we're an inch or two high at 50 yards. For uses other than big-game hunting, .357 Magnum carbines have other benefits which have nothing to do with ballistics. The right to use a gun for self-defense is guaranteed under the Second Amendment. But if you're absolutely planning to attach a suppressor, it appears that an 8" barrel is a great place to be. Something like a 7.5" barrel with an appropriate 7 to 8 inch suppressor would allow for a package that is still shorter and a little handier than a typical 16" barrel setup. Cor Bon. The slopes are super steep and narrow. Now, the most frustrating gun I own is the Diamondback DBX 57 to field strip. And remember to also check. In the end, I decided against it, but I was glad to have learned more about this complex and controversial topic. Theoretically, a 22-inch barrel would be the best combination between somewhat manageable maneuverability and maximum velocity, but it's a non-standard length. the figures were 1,187 fps and 1,331 fps. +P loads for accuracy as well as for terminal performance by firing these loads in two different revolvers. Im also a novice who is grateful for the information & the personal opinions/experiences in the comments. The carbine got 2038 fps (!) For an overall great rifle, there's nothing wrong with the most popular barrel length of 16 inches. The ballistics out of those two barrels are not going to make as much difference as where the hole ends up. ATTENTION: Effective Sept 1, 2020, the BBTI Project is in "Archive Status." Impact velocity: 1,193 fps (569 lb-ft) calibers/cartridges + The same load of H-110 shot a Sierra 140-grain JHC bullet 695 fps faster from the Uberti than from a revolver. For 38 Special practice ammo, such as lead round nose or wadcutters, you should expect to pay about $0.60/round while premium hollow point ammo will run around $1.50/round and up at the time of writing. If you want to get the vast majority of .22 Long Rifle performance in a short package, 8 or 10 inches like the lengths offered on the 10/22 Charger, will do well. Gov, according to a friend of mine that is a student of these things, the 44-40 was a favorite of the cowboys. Go subscribe and tell him that Pat . Pentration: 17.8 Now, just a fun gun sure would be fun to see what if any . If you don't own one, you should. 125 gr. Try your best to avoid all obstacles to survive as long as possible. Complete 357 magnum ammunition ballistics Chart. So what they list for a 2" 357 is effectively less than what one would get with a 2" snubby. Not a big problem, but follow-up shots will always be faster with a full-sized 9mm automatic. 38 Special bullets compared to the 3-inch barrel and the other two 4-inch barrels. chill out seal team six. The 6mm ARC seems to have impressive potential from our understanding. A 7" barrel with a 7" suppressor would still give an overall length of 14 inches. From Firearm Wiki: The Internet Gun Encyclopedia, Best Overall Barrel Length for .22 Long Rifle, Best Overall Barrel Length for .300 Blackout, https://firearmwiki.com/index.php?title=Velocity_by_Barrel_Length_of_Various_Calibers&oldid=1654, About Firearm Wiki: The Internet Gun Encyclopedia. Thats the beauty of hand loading. Not surprisingly, this load also produced the most felt recoil. I resolved the problem by shooting bullets cast from an RCBS 38-158-CM mould. .357 mag Remington 180 gr SJHP fired from S&W Model 13 4 revolver and from Rossi M92 16 carbine through four layers of denim into calibrated gelatin. Thats where other rounds shine. Hunters and handloaders soon began experimenting with high pressure loads, trying to maximize the .38 Specials performance. Both rifles feature pokedle fnaf tubular magazines, a top-mounted toggle-style action, and a barrel that rotates on a hinge to allow for manually-cocking the hammer. Youd be better off with a rifle caliber rifle so you at least couldnt get your ammo mixed up. I tested this actually towards the extremes. 357 Magnum prices will be about 50-75% higher if not double that of 38 Special. Data for .22LR shown below is sourced from Ballistics by the Inch. Chuck Hawks rifle ballistics table But that works out pretty well because I just move the rear sight up or down a notch and both loads hit right on target. Overall, if you could only pick one barrel length for any application (or multiple applications with the same firearm), something like an AR-15 pistol with an ~8" barrel will be great. Velocity by barrel length for 9x18mm Ultra - Data sourced from Ballistics by the Inch. The 357 never is was or will be a long range cartridge. With the first charge the muzzle velocities for the short and longer barrel were 1,095 fps and 1,231 fps. Based on the data above, it appears that for subsonic loads such as 220 grain (where the .300 BLK really shines), barrel length can be an afterthought, particularly if you plan on using a suppressor. Our .30-30: an early-1990s Winchester Model 1894 'Trapper' with a 16.5 barrel. Someone so knowledgeable in the area of ballistics should be smart enough to identify it as being beneath their level of expertise and just walk on by. If youll be doing your shooting at anything but short ranges, you should find a good load and stick with it. For a pistol cartridge that's moving. Velocity by barrel length for the .44 Magnum - Data from Ballistics by the Inch. What is the Optimum barrel length for a .357 Magnum and 45 Colt lever action. An 18 .357 will hold 9+1 rounds, compared to the 6+1 of a .30-30 of the same length. But if you must have every bit of velocity with a suppressed setup, 10" still leaves you with an overlength under 18" with almost all suppressor offerings. and do the work and publish your own results. . Powders - Reloading 357 Magnum. The 1:20 tests at 100, 200 and 300 yards proved that with a rifle length barrel, any commercially available bullet will . Moreover, you also need to be careful when the ball goes through the tunnel. HANDGUN BALLISTICS. Buy Yoga Mat Online. Colt Python 3-Inch Barrel Specs. I was born decades too late. It is a good idea to keep the ball rolling in the middle of the racetrack, which allows you to easily move to the left or the right to evade the obstacles. cylinder gap + Ammo2U.com ~ As a participant in the Amazon Associates program and other affiliate services, I may earn a small amount of money if you buy something after clicking on a link. In a duty-sized revolver with a big heavy frame and 4-inch barrel, the 357 Magnum is a tight little shooter that's slightly stout. The result is substantially more powerful than a .30 Carbine, but even on paper it takes the most exotic .357 loads to equal the most pedestrian .30-30 loadings. Rifle dimensions for our 357 Threaded Barrel Blanks are .355/.349 with 6 lands and .125 wide. One caveat: my .357 carbine is nicely accurate, but the point of impact varies greatly depending on the ammunition being fired. I would go with whichever one you shoot better. A rifles action demands a more exact cartridge length. You cant spray and pray like you might with a semi-auto, but these little guns are very quick. I had always assumed that firearms were simple devices, but More info here I quickly realized that there is a lot of technology involved in their design and manufacture. Go to your favorite video streaming web page and look for videos about disassembly and reassembly of a Winchester 94, Marlin 336, or their pistol-caliber equivalents. That comparison isnt even good enough to be called lame. Velocity/Energy/Drop. As far as ballistics, when fired from a 6-inch barrel revolver, a heavy 240-grain .44 Magnum bullet can reach speeds of up to 1,380 feet per second, generating kinetic energy at the muzzle of 1,015 foot-pounds of force.That's plenty of power, enough to take down up to deer-size game at distances of up to 50 yards. id like a 99. and a deerslayer. Remember that a suppressor will increase muzzle velocity somewhat. I recently tested several .38 Spl. Detailed specs plus plain language observations show Mr Dumm takes his work seriously. Penetration: 18.1 This would place it in the middle of the pack for .30-30 ballistics, at least within 100 yards, at a cost about equal to premium .30-30 ammo. Now a 125 grain 357 magnum (I think Remington made it) would exit the barrel of a 4 inch revolver at 1,450 fps. . That suggests you will get different terminal performance firing the same cartridge out of your revolver and your rifle. These were usually found with plain-clothed officers, police administrators and detectives. Never liked lever guns. Even a Mauser 98 is childs play to take apart and reassemble compared to any lever gun. I suppose thats true with any handgun, regardless of caliber. Also consider that longer barrels will work better with a suppressor. And Ive had a levergun in .357 mag on my wish list ever since its jumped to the top now that Ive actually got a revolver to pair with one. gave figures of 1,227 fps and 1,380 fps respectively. As a result, this page will act as an extra copy of that valuable data. A particularly fascinating feature of the 357 Magnum is that it is effective in a handgun and reaches almost carbine-like performance out of a rifle length barrel. If that's important to you, then that's something to consider. Covering the face of the gel block with denim or a combination of denim and clothing further tests the bullets expansion properties. However, Hodgdons 2012 Annual Manual lists loads for LilGun only with 158-grain and heavier bullets. Like the .38 Spl., the .357 Mag. Actually its a pretty simple takedown compared to field stripping some handguns in my opinion. 9. Personally, I prefer the 1889 Marlin lever gun in .44-40. Most double-action revolvers chambered in .357 Mag. . Click here for a Muzzle Energy graph for the tests in this caliber. For most applications, an 18" heavy barrel will still offer velocity advantage over a typical 16" barrel and plenty of accuracy. You wont find one off the shelf, but I could take a standard 9mm barrel and find a good lathe operator to deepen the chamber. Id be curious to see a similar comparison with 44 Magnum / Special. The first of the Magnum pistol cartridges, it was a big hit. Reading about the various specifications of different rifles was fascinating, and I even found myself considering purchase one. Average Gr: 142. This page will examine barrel length to velocity differences for various calibers. Although that killing power number is based on published Winchester factory load ballistics taken in a 20" test barrel, a reasonable extrapolation might be a 16.5 inch .357 Magnum carbine still coming close enough to be about a third more potent than either the .30 Carbine or . LMFAO! ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Too funny! Want a 357 carbine but dont want to pay $800 to $900. Velocity by barrel length data for .40 Smith & Wesson - Sourced from Ballistics by the Inch. Although the bullets are almost the same diameter, the case length and case capacity are strikingly different. Additionally, barrel length on a .357 matters for performance. At 150, four of the five loads were in the -4 to -6 inch range. We have a number of ways you can help to support Firearm Wiki, including various affiliates. Saw a similar comparison via YouTube vid back in 2014. over the decades and it has been used in rifles as well as pistols. Elmer Keith, Phillip B. Sharpe,Colonel D. B. Wessondeveloped the .357 Magnum cartridgein 1934. has a well-deserved reputation for accuracy. Having shot some stuff with some stuff my observations have been a .4d4 mag and 3030 are pretty close in killing. Since many silencers are in the 6" to 7" range, this gives a similar length to a typical 16" barrel AR-15, and also give some velocity advantage over an unsuppressed 10 inch barrel. Just by firing it out of a longer barrel, a .357 Magnum will meet or even well exceed the muzzle energy of a .44 Magnum . Post author: Post published: May 6, 2022; Post category: airport show floor plan; Post comments: . Watch out! Terril has a soft spot for ballistics testing, pocket pistols, and French rifles. As most readers know, the .357 Magnum is an outgrowth of the .38 Special, which was itself an outgrowth of several older .38 cartridges that preceded it. You could even go shorter, but the additional length of a suppressor probably won't fully make up for performance loss with a shorter barrel. Would be far better utalized. The 357 Magnum's heavyweight 158 grain bullet at the same muzzle velocity translates to a 14 percent loss of energy. It doesn't have any major disadvantages in velocity and is still overall quite maneuverable. COPYRIGHT 2021, THETRUTHABOUTGUNS.COM. Upon its introduction, the .38 Special was immediately recognized for its accuracy and ease of shooting. . were either familiar with, or because they were what was available, and mentioning If you were looking for a rifle setup, there appears to be no major reason to go above the federal 16" barrel requirement, unless local laws differ, or whatever the case may be. The first thought was to check on the differences between the handgun ballistics verses rifle ballistics. Work for 2-3 hours in y0ur spare time and OO get paid 1200 0n y0ur bank acc0unt every week, Get more inf0rmation 0n f0ll0wing site .. Ammunition: Hornady 225 grain FTX bullet. Blue Dot, H-110, LilGun, and Power Pro 300-MP provided the highest velocity with jacketed bullets from 125 to 158 grains. If it crashes into the wall of the tunnel, the run is over. Note: If you're looking for absolute maximum range from something like an AR-15 platform, it may be worth considering cartridges like the 6.5 Grendel, .224 Valkyrie, and others. Remember, a 7 to 8 inch suppressor will add velocity and make up for such a short barrel, but not fully. For real life use, the 4" is easier to shoot and control, at 5' as well as 50 yards over the 2/2.5" barrels. .357 is a revolver cartridge. And the extra barrel length turns it into a real ass-kicking round that will shine inside of one hundred yards. However, going a full 10 inches longer up to a 17" barrel gained most of the tested loads under 100 feet per second in velocity. I single loaded cartridges by hand into the chamber, and they shot great and had an average muzzle velocity of 1,246 fps. n-110 has a burn rate on the chart similar to h110 or lilgun which is about as slow as you can go in the caliber. On the bull at 100. Ruger also offers a 4.2-inch model that sports a fiber optic front sight and adjustable rear sight. Ruger SP101, 3-inch barrel. These little handguns commonly have a cylinder that holds only five cartridges and a barrel that's about two inches long. Width: 0.44". To get the most out of them longer barrels work better. pretty cool. The .357 Magnum basically doubles its kinetic energy when its fired from a carbine, and it almost earns a promotion to the Big Leagues of rifle ballistics. The beauty of the .357 Mag. For this batch, we tested 38 loads total 20 are .357 Magnum and 18 are .38 Special. Despite the fact there is little commercial production for the .357 Remington maximum, the cartridge is well liked by hunters who understand the velocities, energy, and recoil it produces makes for a very efficient and manageable cartridge. If you want maximum velocity with a barrel still shorter than the norm and don't plan on using a suppressor, 12.5" is a great choice for a pistol style setup. With 21 grs. me brudder gots a tc contender chambered for that. For maximum velocity with 5.56x45mm NATO, a 20-inch barrel will give the most velocity possible out of a common barrel length rifle. revolver is its versatility. http://ballistics101.com/30-30_winchester.php, https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/.30-30_Winchester, https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/.357_Magnum. For .357 mag, generally the longer the better - that said, big differences exist between 2 to 6 inch lengths which would be most common, but .357 magnum gains velocity in most loading all the way out to 18-20" carbine barrels.

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